Brightening agent Reduces hyperpigmentation and evens skin tone
Barrier booster Strengthens the skin’s natural protective layer
Anti inflammatoryCalms redness and soothes irritation
Sebum regulator Helps control oil production
Anti aging Improves fine lines, elasticity, and surface texture
Antioxidant Protects skin from oxidative stress
Scientific Validation:
Clinical studies support its efficacy at 2–5% concentrations for improving skin tone, reducing acne, and minimizing wrinkles
Recognized by dermatologists as a<bwell tolerated and versatile active for a wide range of skin types including sensitive and acne-prone skin
Studies published in the British Journal of Dermatology and Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology confirm measurable improvements in skin smoothness, elasticity, and reduced pigmentation with consistent use
Mechanism of Action:
Enhances ceramide production in the stratum corneum, improving moisture retention
Inhibits the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, thereby reducing dark spots
Downregulates inflammatory markers in acne and rosacea
Improves NAD+/NADH ratio, essential for cellular repair and metabolism
Recommended Usage Level:
1.5% typical usage in serums, moisturizers, and creams
Higher concentrations (up to 10%) used in targeted treatments with caution for sensitive skin
Stability & Compatibility:
Stable in water-based formulations at pH 5.7
Incompatible with low pH ingredients like pure L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) may cause flushing or reduce efficacy when combined incorrectly
Works synergistically with ingredients like zinc, hyaluronic acid, ceramides, and peptides
